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Unfortunately, the global network does not include enough stations to resolve the

spatial distribution of CO

sources and sinks at the scale of continents or ocean

basins. Thus, even with these extensive measurements, the processes that regulate

the exchange of CO

between the atmosphere, the oceans, and the biosphere are not

completely understood. One of the ground-based measurement projects that collab-

orates with the Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center of the U. S. Department

of Energy is the Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON). Figure 1.2

will give you an overview of the operational and the future site of ground-based

measurement stations from TCCON. Austria, the US, Japan, Spain, New Zealand

and Germany are involved so far and more will come along.

Figure 1.2: Operation and Future Site of ground-based Measurement Stations

[http://www.tccon.caltech.edu/images/tccon_080723.png,

12.09.09]

Thus, TCCON is a global network of ground-based fourier transformation spectrom-

eters recording direct solar spectra in the near infrared spectral region from 4000 to

14000 cm

−

1. From these spectra, accurate and precise column-averaged abundance

of CO

,CH

O, HF, CO, H

O and HDO can be retrieved [2].

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